Exercise #5

Controls are graphical elements with which the user interacts. All of them inherit the Control class and possess characteristics such as styling, focus, and states.

1. List Controls and Selectors

These are used for selecting values from a predefined set.

ComboBox (Drop-down list): A compact element that expands when clicked.
- Properties: items (ObservableList with values), editable (allows the user to type their own value).
- Usage: Choosing a city, country, or category.
- Attributes:
  - promptText (text shown in the field when no value is selected).
  - value (the current selection value).
  - editable: Boolean value (true/false). Allows the user to enter text that is not in the list.
- Example:
```
<ComboBox fx:id="priorityCombo" promptText="Priority" editable="false" />
```
ListView (List View): Visualizes a list where several items are visible simultaneously.
- Properties: selectionMode (SINGLE or MULTIPLE).
- Usage: Message list, files in a folder.
- Attributes:
  - orientation: Defines the direction of the list (HORIZONTAL or VERTICAL). Defaults to vertical.
  - prefHeight / prefWidth: Frequently used to limit the size of the visible area.
- Configuration in Java (Controller): Unlike others, the selection mode is often configured here:
```
listView.getSelectionModel().setSelectionMode(SelectionMode.MULTIPLE);
```
- Example:
```
<ListView fx:id="fileList" prefHeight="200" prefWidth="300" />
```
DatePicker (Date Picker): Combines a text field with a popup calendar.
- Properties: value (LocalDate type object).
- Usage: Date of birth, start/end date of an event.
- Attributes:
  - showWeekNumbers: Boolean value for displaying week numbers.
  - promptText: The expected date format (e.g., "dd.mm.yyyy").
- Example:
```
<DatePicker fx:id="deadlinePicker" promptText="Deadline" showWeekNumbers="true" />
```
ColorPicker (Color Picker): A palette for choosing a color.
- Properties: value (Color type object).
- Usage: Setting the application theme, graphic editors.
- Attributes:
  - style: Often used to set the base color via -fx-color-label-visible.
- Example:
```
<ColorPicker fx:id="colorPicker" value="#ff0000" />
```

2. Event Handling: The most commonly used method for handling interaction is setOnAction(). In FXML, this is defined via the onAction="#methodName" attribute, and the method is implemented in the controller class with the @FXML annotation.

3. Popup Controls: These are elements that appear over the main content:

Tooltip: A brief hint when hovering the mouse over an element.
ContextMenu: A menu that appears upon right-clicking.

4. Dialogs: JavaFX provides the built-in Alert class for standard messages and the Dialog class for personalized windows.

Alert Types: INFORMATION, WARNING, ERROR, CONFIRMATION.
Interactive Dialogs: TextInputDialog (for string input) and ChoiceDialog (for list selection).

Exercise #5

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